.纤维增强混凝土[6]

3. Low-strength concrete [4]
American Concrete Institute (AC1) 229 Committee, put forward in the list of ingredients, transportation, placement can be controlled, low-strength concrete, compressive strength of 8 MPa or less. Such materials may be used as the basis, filling pile, mats, or isolation and roadbed fill openings for use, but also can be used for the underground structure, in some particular circumstances, can be adjusted relative density of concrete work, compressive strength , modulus of elasticity, and other performance targets, but not a shrinkage cracks. A tunnel project in the Netherlands has a low-strength mortar (1 ow-strength mortar, LSM], the group was divided into: 150 kg/m3 cement, sand; 1080 kg/m3, water 570 kg/m3, superplasticizer 6 kg/m3, expandable Run soil 35 kg/m3, manufactured by the LSM 3.5 MPa compressive strength, modulus of elasticity than 500 Mpa. LSM made tunnel closed block, than conventional stability of the soil conservation cost 50 per cent, so that concrete can be Wang works in the soft soil in the development of applications.
4. Lightweight concrete [5]
Use of natural light aggregate (such as pumice, tuff, etc.), industrial wastes lightweight aggregate (such as blast furnace slag, fly ash ceramic, gangue spontaneous combustion, etc.), artificial lightweight aggregate (shale ceramic, ceramic clay, pearl expansion rocks, etc.) are made of lightweight concrete density of small, relatively high strength and thermal insulation, antifreeze good performance advantages of using industrial wastes such as waste boiler coal cinder, the coal gangue and flyash, and other thermal power stations of the Light quality concrete, concrete can reduce the cost of production, use and recycling, reduce urban pollution or plant to reduce accumulation of waste land that is occupied, and is beneficial to environmental protection.
5. Fiber reinforced concrete [6]
In order to improve the tensile properties of concrete difference, ductility and poor, the fibers in the concrete mixing concrete to improve the performance of research and development was very rapid. The present study more steel fiber, alkali-resistant glass fiber, carbon fiber, aramid fiber, polypropylene, nylon or synthetic fibers concrete.
In the load-bearing structure, the development of faster, broader application of the SFRC. The main steel fiber used in civil construction and the carbon steel fiber used in the refractory industry stainless steel fibers. For the civil construction steel fibers mainly in the following several production methods: (1) wire cut off; (2) shear plate; (3) Ingot (Plate) Milling; (4) steel melt spinning method .

问题补充	
When the fiber length and aspect ratio used in the scope of fiber content in the 1% to 2% (volume fraction, the paper refers to the content volume fraction) within the scope compared with the matrix of concrete, steel fiber concrete tensile Strength can be increased by 40% to 80%, bending strength increased by 50% to 120%, shear strength increased by 50% to 100%, compressive strength smaller increase in the 0 to 25%, with the elastic deformation of the matrix Concrete performance compared to no significant differences in measured but can be substantially improved SFRC plastic deformation properties of toughness.
China Association for Standardization projects approved and promulgated in 1992 by the Dalian University of Technology, and other units of the "steel fiber reinforced concrete structural design and construction of a point of order" (CECS 38:92), the promotion of the application of SFRC has played an important role.
SFRC using conventional construction technology, steel fiber content is generally 0.6% to 2.0%. To a high content will be easy to make steel fibers in the process of mixing the ball into the cluster, the impact on the quality of steel fiber reinforced concrete. But at home and abroad are working on a steel fiber content of 5% to 27% of the mortar referred to as the infiltration SIFCON pouring steel fiber reinforced concrete, construction technology different from ordinary mixing and pouring concrete molding of steel fiber, it is first steel fiber loose fill on the mold, and then reperfusion slurry or mortar to harden molding. SIFCON ordinary steel fiber reinforced concrete and compared their characteristics than the compressive strength of the matrix material is a sharp increase of 100 to 200 MPa, and its tensile, bending, shear strength and ductility, toughness, and other than the general content SFRC greatly improved [7].
Another called infiltration mortar pouring concrete steel fiber network (SIMCON) construction methods and SIFCON basically the same as the only pre-filled home is not in the mold of the chaos to the distribution of steel fiber, but steel fiber network, products made of , the fiber content is generally 4% to 6%, experiments show that, SIMCON available lower steel fiber content and SIFCON receive the same strength and toughness to obtain than SIFCON material savings and cost effectiveness.
Although SIFCON or SIMCON excellent mechanical properties, but because of its large amount of steel fiber, a one-time high investment, the construction of special, so they are just as necessary for certain special local structure or component, such as the rocket launcher and highways such as repairs.
In the mortar and laying steel mesh network between the network and steel skeleton (ferro-cement) caused by the thin-walled structure, and has a good ability to cracking and deformation capacity at home and abroad, shipbuilding, water, construction application more widely. In recent years, cement and steel mesh steel-doped fiber people to build road surface, fishing boats and vessels, such as farmers, and achieved better double toughening, enhancement effects.

6. Self-compacting concrete (self-compacting concrete)
Self-compacting concrete without mechanical vibration, but rely on themselves to concrete-compacting. Although the flow of concrete, but can still prevent segregation. Such concrete preparation methods [4]: (1) the size of the coarse aggregate volume of solid concrete 50% (2) the size of the fine aggregate volume of 40% mortar (3) water-cement ratio of 0.9 -1.0; (4) mobility test to determine superplasticizer dosage and ultimately the water-cement ratio to obtain the optimal composition of materials.
Such concrete advantages: at the construction site, no vibration noise; construction can be carried out at night, not a nuisance; on the health of the workers sound, concrete quality uniform, durable, reinforced layout or more components of complex shape, can easily be poured, construction speed , a small amount of work at the scene.
7. Smart concrete (smart concrete) [4]
Changes in the use of concrete, concrete can be overcome some of the negative nature, such as: high-strength concrete cement consumption, low water-cement ratio, by adding silica fume such activity materials, hardening concrete density of the good, but in the high-strength concrete sclerosis early stages, and they have marked the autonomy contraction and higher porosity, and so easy to crack shortcomings. To solve these problems a method is used for 25 per cent of the amount of pre-wet lightweight aggregate to replace the aggregate, resulting in a concrete form internal "water," and continued to be damp concrete conservation. This "aggregate pre-wet" method, the concrete can significantly reduce self-contraction, the reduction of micro-cracks.
Another problem with high-strength concrete is a good compactness of the fire caused by the reduced ability. This is because the high temperature (fire], the free water in the mortar and chemical changes of water to water vapor, but not from the dense concrete to escape, thus forming pressure, leading to the pole protective layer peeling off, seriously reduced column capacity, a solution to this problem is, each side concrete plus 2 kg of polypropylene fibers, in the high-temperature (fire), the fiber is melted, the water formed a gas can escape from the border area of the channel, reducing the the pressure, and thus prevent spalling-layer of protection
	
		

8. Pre-filled or aggregate concrete slurry 1)
China COSCO 60000 t in Dalian Shipyard project as a result of complex geological conditions, the first time the dock floor is located in the bedrock of Prepacked Aggregate Concrete, which uses larger density 4 ~ 5 m thick iron ore as a pre - Aggregate, ore layer to the laying of 1 m thick limestone rock. Ore layer is 60 to 80 cm thick of the cast-in-place reinforced concrete slab in the aggregate pre-filled layer hole layout grouted into mortar, or a pre-filled slurry concrete aggregate. Take this process to shorten the construction period, and achieved good economic returns.
9. RCC [8]
RCC rapid development in recent years and can be used for mass concrete structures (such as hydraulic dam, large-scale infrastructure), the industrial plant floor, and the airport road surface, such as pavement.
For the large volume of RCC concrete pouring different machines and ordinary concrete, its formation using bulldozers, vibration practical RCC machine, with napped layer processing machine, with kerf cut Sartorius, the whole construction process a high degree of mechanization, Construction of high efficiency, good working conditions, can be doped with a large number of fly ash, and soil condensate compared to ordinary club, pouring expected to be reduced by 1 / 3 to 1 / 2, water consumption can be reduced by 20%, cement consumption can be reduced by 30% ~ 60%.
RCC shear layer construction of high performance is the key issue, the domestic Dalian Polytechnic University, and others have carried out studies in this respect.
Highways, factories and other large ground concrete project, using roller compacted concrete, or to join in the RCC steel fiber slit, a steel fiber RCC, its mechanical properties and durability can be further improved.
10. Recycled aggregate concrete
The founding of New China has been more than 50 years, before and after the founding of the construction of many concrete structures, as a result of aging or economic development, to demolition and reconstruction, its removal is so great, in the dismantlement of concrete, about half of the thick bone expected, should consider how to make use of renewable. To reduce environmental waste, recycling and use.
[4] reported that the Delft in the Netherlands, a 272 residential programme, all of the concrete walls are used recycled aggregate, the programme next step in the plan is in the concrete slab also use recycled aggregate. Of course, the use of recycled aggregate these, the need for such Hun condensate soil test performance, for example, the literature [9] reported on renewable lightweight concrete shrinkage and creep more significant test results, deserves attention

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